<i>FRIZZY PANICLE</i> defines a regulatory hub for simultaneously controlling spikelet formation and awn elongation in bread wheat

Grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely determined by inflorescence architecture. Zang734 an endemic Tibetan variety that exhibits a rare triple spikelet (TRS) phenotype with significantly increased spikelet/floret number per spike. However, the molecular basis underlying this specific spike morphology completely unknown. Through map-based cloning, causal genes for TRS trait were isolated. Furthermore, using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene mutation, transcriptome sequencing and protein-protein interaction, downstream signalling networks related to formation awn elongation defined. Results showed null mutation WFZP-A together deletion of WFZP-D led Zang734. More interestingly, WFZP plays dual role simultaneously repressing TaBA1 activating development genes, basically through recruitments chromatin remodelling elements Mediator complex. Our findings provide insights into bases which suppresses but promotes and, more importantly, define as favourable high-yield crop breeding.